Every signal has a specialized computer called a controller that operates it based on three factors:

• Timing that City staff gives it based on lanes, traffic volume, and coordination with other signals
• Detection that senses waiting vehicles
• Preemption that lets emergency vehicles force the signal to turn green for them and red for everyone else

These factors tell the controller how often to cycle between green, yellow, and red. Controllers are kept in metal cabinets near their signal. Every cabinet also has a malfunction monitoring unit to make the signal start flashing if there is a problem. A flashing signal keeps the intersection operating safely until City staff can repair the controller.

Virginia Beach uses two kinds of detection: loop detectors and video detection. Loop detectors are wire loops buried in the road which use magnetic fields to detect the metal inside vehicles. 

The loops overlap the stop bar and only detect vehicles directly above them. Video detection uses closed-circuit cameras. The signal controllers monitor the video feeds from these cameras and software is programmed to sense vehicles stopped inside detection zones. 

The feeds are not recorded, and no one watches them.

To determine if an intersection should be signalized, Traffic Engineering performs a study that analyzes several factors, including:

• What improvements could be made other than installing a signal?
• How close is the nearest existing signal?
• Does the number of angle crashes, pedestrians, or vehicles meet certain criteria set by the Federal Highway Administration?

Due to the high cost of installation and maintenance, as well as an increase in rear-end crashes, the City only supports the installation of traffic signals when studies demonstrate that a signal will increase safety and ease congestion.

Treat a non-illuminated signal the same as a four-way stop sign. If a signal is flashing a yellow light, proceed with caution. 

If the signal is flashing a red light, stop and proceed when clear and safe to do so. 

Report malfunctioning signals to Public Works by calling (757) 385-1470 or online through VB311. Since they are a danger to the public, non-illuminated traffic signals can also be reported on the Police Department’s non-emergency line at (757) 385-3111.